Local languages - is Lozi closer to tswana or Southern Sotho?

An interesting question asked by Tsepiso from Lesotho. Looked at historically we can see in Guthrie’s List and Taxonomy that Silozi appears as K21 and Tswana and Sotho as S31 and S32. It is now generally agreed that Silozi was wrongly classified. From the diagram it would appear that Tswana and Sotho are closer. This is further confirmed if you look at the Sotho Group Family tree. South Sotho, North Sotho and Tswana are shown to be ‘siblings’ at the same level on the family tree.

However, as regards modern Silozi, it has its roots in Southern Sotho. Most of Sebitwane’s people the Makololo were Basuto and spoke Sesuto but they were also a collection of defeated remnants  bound together by a fear of Chaka. They headed in roughly a North Westerly direction through the Transvaal, Botswana, Zimbabwe to Zambia. Other linguistic elements influenced their speech on their journey of 2000km between 1826 and 1840. As they travelled they were joined by other Bechwana peoples, so some Sechwana was mixed with the Sesuto. This new language was called Sekololo. This name came it is said from the verb kuikolola, to shave one’s head.

After being defeated by the Tonga and Ila they moved and settled at Linyanti in the Chobe/Caprivi area. They then moved North and also settled amongst the Aluyi. In 1864 the Aluyi rose against the incomers. The men were killed but the women absorbed. The language absorbed new words from Siluyana and some of the Sesuto phonetics ‘softened’.

The Sesutho elements were further reinforced with the coming of the Paris Evangelical Mission Society sent to Bulozi from Lesotho and comprising of European and mother-tongue Sesutho speakers. They used Sesutho for their missionary work and printed books for the first 30 years. In 1913 they formally abandoned Sesotho in favour of Silozi, a fusion of Siluyana and Sikololo. It is reported that the proportion of Seotho to Siluyana vocabulary in Silozi is 75% - 25%. Grammatically, however, it is nevertheless quite close to other Zambian languages. Rather than a sister to South Sotho I think Silozi is more of a daughter with Setswana being an Aunt. That is my take as an interested amateur. I’m sure Tsepiso (Sepiso in Silozi  English:Promise) and I will be pleased to hear from anyone else interested in this.

Below for some comparison are the Sotho, Lozi and Tswana anthems and the Lord’s prayer.

Lesotho fatse la bo-ntat’a rona                       Bulozi fasi la Bondat’a luna

Har’a mafatse leletle ke lona.                          Hal’a mafasi le linde ki lona

Ke moo re hlahileng                                        Ki mo lu pepezwi

Ke moo re holileng                                          Ki mo lu hulezi

Reale rata                                                        Mi lwa li lata

Molimo ak’u boloke Lesotho                          Jesu, kale, u felisize lindwa

U felise lintao le matsoenyeho                        Felisa cwalo lunya, maswenyeho

Oho, fatse lena                                                Oho lifasi le

La bo-ntat’a rona                                            La Bondat’a luna

Le be le khotso                                                Li be ni kozo

Fatshe leno la rona

Ke mpho ya Modimo,

Ke boswa jwa borraetsho;

A le nne ka kagiso.

Chorus:

Tsogang, tsogang! banna, tsogang!

Emang, basadi, emang, tlhagafalang!

Re kopane le go direla

Lefatshe la rona.

Ina lentle la tumo

La chaba ya Botswana,

Ka kutlwano le kagisano,

E bopagantswe mmogo.

Thapelo ea Morena

Ntata rona ya mahodimong,
lebitso la hao a la ke le kgethehe;
ho tle mmuso wa hao; thato ya hao e etswe lefatsheng,
jwalokaha e etswa lehodimong;
o re fe kajeno bohobe ba rona ba tsatsi le leng le le leng;
o re tshwarele melato ya rona,
jwalokaha re tshwarela ba nang le melato ho rona;
o se ke wa re isa molekong;
o mpe o re lwele ho e mobe;
[hobane mmuso ke wa hao, le matla, le kganya ka ho se feleng.
Amen!]       

Thapelo ya Morena

 

Rara wa rona yo o kwa legodimong

leina la gago a le itshepisiwe;

puso ya gago a e tle;

thato ya gago a e dirwe mo lefatsheng

jaaka kwa legodimong.

O re fe gompieno bogobe jwa rona jwa malatsi;

o re itshwarele dibe tsa rona

jaaka le rona re itshwarela ba ba re leofetsheng;

o se ka wa re isa mo thaelong

mme o re golole mo bosuleng.

Gonne bogosi ke jwa gao, le thata, le kgalalelo, ka bosenabokhutlo. Amen.)

 Amen!    

Tapelo ya Mulena

 

Ndat’aluna yakwahalimu

Libizo lahao libe lelikenile

Kutahe mubuso wahao

Tato yahao ieziwe mwafasi sina ha ieziwe kwa lihalimu

Ulufe kacenu buhobe bwaluna, mo ulufelanga kazazi ni zazi

Uluswalele milatu yalunamu luswalelelea ni luna babalufoselize

Usikawalukenya mwa muliko kono  ululamulele ku yamaswe

Kakuli mubuso ki wahao ni mata, ni kanya kamita ni mita Amen

Awa wi it! - reflections on Christmas Eve.

Auld makars’ clarsach-pluck

wis fine at shawin

wars eemage

                        sae enviably braw:

lang merches-

                        exploits-

                                        tae a choir and a baun!

The lasses gawp

                               at the gowd uniform.

Through smilin moothies,

                                          een in constellations,

hussars gang furrit

                                 in whiskert formations.

Prance through the fecht-

                                             and soon

                                                             ye’ll be vaunty

wi epaulettes

                        and pips

                                       and the gift o hauf a county

But  dee

                 if ye like

                                   on the on-ding o cannon-

the future’s ay

                        a daub haun

                                                at the cenotaphin.

Aye,

            and even the-day

                                           there’s some will champ

at the rhymer’s bit,

                                 and lee

                                                like the faither o lees:

Clad in beauty,

                          men of beauty’s stamp

carried their bodies……”

Braw is it? Danke schőn for the harp………..

Part of a poem (Doloi!) written in 1929 by Vladimir Mayakovsky and translated into Scots by Edwin Morgan. This sprung to mind on hearing that next year the British Government is arranging that we should ‘commemorate’ the centenary of outbreak of the Great War. Both my grandfather and my wife’s grandfather fought, and were casualties, but fortunately both survived. Neither, I suspect, would be rushing to participate in the rather tasteless Rally planned to take place this coming August. If anything is worth commemorating it is Christmas 1914 where on Christmas Eve a wonderful thing occurred when battle-weary soldiers in one trench began singing;

“Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht

Alles schläft, einsam wacht……”

Enemies on the opposite trench, answered by singing,

“Still the night holy the night!

Sleeps the world, hid from sight……”

Artillery stopped firing and rifles were put down. The Spirit of Christ was all pervasive and paradoxically, Peace reigned amidst scenes of carnage. Foes became friends. It was a prophetic moment, a foretaste of the Prince of Peace returning to a war-wrecked bleeding earth, as Lord of Lord and King of Kings, much to the dismay of discomfited generals, Kaisers, Tsars and King Emperors! They made sure it never happened again.

But for a moment prophecy became history: 'They shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more'. The heart-cry on both sides was: "Even so, come Lord Jesus".  This was continued the following day with the famous football match and the exchange of food, drink and tobacco.

The Church has declared that all war is antagonistic to the mind of Christ and she can have no part in it, if commending the Gospel. War cannot be justified by Christian ethics. It is fundamentally unclean and can usually be reduced to a greed for gain. Lies and camouflage are used to inculcate false values, it exploits the brave and heroic instincts in people but it is fundamentally brutal and beastly, leaving in its wake, as Mayakovsky says later on in the same poem- misery, woe and mutilation. War is proven fallaciousness and fraud.

All this in no way detracts from the sacrifice made by those who fell. What we  commemorate and remember is not the start of this European Civil War in August 1914, but we honour all sides for their devotion, while remembering the interest of the Church, the fulfillment of prophecy and the Spirit and commands of our Lord and Saviour.

At the end of Sunset Song in the epilude, 'The Unfurrowed Field', the Standing Stone is dedicated as a war memorial for the four local casualties. Underneath is the verse from Revelation 2:28, 'For I will give you the morning star'.

The final paragraph of the minister’s address is pertinent to us today:

 So lest we shame them, let us believe that the new oppressions and foolish greeds are no more than mists that pass. They died for a world that is past,but these men did not die for this that we seem to inherit. Beyond it and us shines a greater hope and a newer world undreamt when those four died. But need we doubt which side the battle they would range themselves did they live today, need we doubt the answer they cry to us even now, the four of them from the place of sunset?

If the Government has spare cash and wishes to commemorate the beginning of wars there are a number of Zambian veterans who loyally served the Crown in the Colonial Armed Forces on whom it could be better spent.

http://www.lowdownzambia.com/2013/06/29/fighting-soldiers

As it is Christmas Eve I close with the bidding prayer offered at the start of the Service of 9 Lessons with Carols from King’s College, Cambridge.

Beloved in Christ , be it this Christmas tide our care and delight to hear again the message of the angels, and in heart and mid to go even unto Bethlehem and see this thing which has come to pass, and the babe lying in a manger.

As we do, let us remember still the need for peace on earth and goodwill amongst all his peoples and the troubled spots in our world. In Africa, especially South Sudan, Egypt and Chad, in the Middle East, Syria, Israel and Palestine and on the Indian sub-Continent, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.

Wishing you all the blessings of a joyous Christmas.

GETTING TO ZERO - WORLD AIDS DAY COMMEMORATION 2013

WORLD AIDS DAY EVE

World Aids Day was commemorated in Mwandi with what has become a  local tradition . At 1700h on Sunday evening the staff and general public met at the Simunga (Big Tree) at the market for the March led by the UCZ Boys Brigade Drums to the Candle-lit AIDS day Eve Service at the Mission Hospital Chapel. Those participating included choirs some hospital staff, government employees, adult members and children from the Mwandi Churches and members of the public. All the children from Orphan and Vulnerable Centre carried red balloons.

The Service began with a prayer from Father Natun of the Roman Catholic Church. The congregation was then welcomed by Mr Sililo who represented the Mwandi District Commissioner, Mrs Afuna Chali, then Mr Kenny Lubinda gave a word of encouragement. Our Candle Lighting Ceremony began with one candle being lit and its light passed on to the next individual who in turn passed their light on until all the candles were lit. There followed a moment of silence in loving memory and in respect for loved ones who have died from AIDS. Pastor Kalimina from the New Apostolic Church then preached a short sermon on human stigma and the compassion of God. The UCZ Praise Team followed up with some appropriate choruses as did the Faith Tabernacle and the Catholic choirs. Pastor Muleba then closed in prayer.

 

It was appropriate that the service took place on the first Sunday of Advent, a time of expectancy and hope for Christians, a time for lighting candles of hope, as we wait for light to come out of the darkness again and remember the importance of the light coming into our lives over 2000 years ago. The light and the silence for the departed brought our fellowship, our support for one another and our prayers together. The lighted candles bringing hope for new beginnings and new opportunities on our journey in life.

 

 

 

WORLD AIDS DAY

The next day the forms from the Basic School were arranged under the shade of the big spreading trees in the school yard. The soft furniture from the Head’s office was placed at the disposal of the Guests of Honour. The school, hospital and government staff gathered at 0900h for the opening prayer and singing of the national anthem. The newly appointed District Medical Officer welcomed the Government Guest of Honour, Mr Sililo, the Assistant District Commissioner, who gave the opening speech.

 

The two school choirs along with the Faith Tabernacle and Catholic Choir all participated in the event. The Basic School High School and the RC Choir all entered teams for the 2 Round Quiz. Over and above this were drama sketches and traditional dancing all stressing the importance of HIV prevention, treatment care and support and including possible areas of gender inequality that work against these efforts to provide care, access and adherence with stigma and discrimination. This Commemoration ended at around 1230h with a closing prayer.

 

 

WESTERN PRESBYTERY COUNCIL MEETING

Last week was the annual Presbytery Council held this year in Senanga on 28 and 29 November. It only took us 3 hours to travel the 300km distance from Mwandi as the pontoon ferry at Sikuka is now in operation. Tarmac on the roads all the way too!

There were Pastoral and Finance Committee Meetings on the Thursday. The full Council convened on Friday, at Senanga Main Church and worked through till 2000h, despite the power cut; reading reports by torchlight. This meant that we completed all the business in a day. The UCZ Synod Bishop and General Secretary were both in attendance

After the opening hymn, HY5 (Psalm 37) and a prayer, Council followed its usual pattern with welcome, roll call and apologies. The main business of the morning was matters from Synod and Presbytery. Synod business ranged from fundraising for the new investment complex, Church Workers Conditions of Service, the new UCZ University College at Mindolo and the 2 theology students from Western Province. The importance of the establishment of Presbytery and Consistory Land Committees was stressed to help minimize embarrassing and difficult wrangles and deal with challenges to Church property. Guidelines concerning Charismatic Worship and the new Sunday School Syllabus had been published. We also remembered with affection the life, work and witness of Rev Alice Mulenga of the Community Development and Social Justice Department who died recently.

The Presbytery items were concerned with human resource issues and Church workers. Physical infrastructure dealt with manse renovations, the Lilelelo fence and JAA assets. Finances covered assessments, visitations and special Sundays. Events on the Church Calendar included Rededications, the MCF AGM and WCF National Rally, the Western Bishop’s exchange with Muchinga in May and the Synod Bishop’s Pastoral Visit in August 2014. 8 delegates were elected for the Synod Executive Meeting taking place in June. A Presbytery Committee was formed to begin making arrangements to celebrate the UCZ’s Golden Jubilee in January 2015. Finally, the Butoya Retreat was scheduled for September 2015

Thereafter, came reports from Consistories, Presbytery Committees, Health and Education Institutions and other Church groups. The meeting closed with a hymn prayer and the Grace.

The next morning as we were about to set out to return home we heard the news that the 54 Barotseland activists who had been facing treason charges had been set free as the Director of Public Prosecutions had entered a ‘nolle prosequi’.

Altogether 84 activists had been detained in August for allegedly agitating for the restoration of sovereignty to Barotseland. 30 activists had been released earlier last month at a court appearance. Amongst the latest releases we learned was Clement Sinyinda, the former Ngambela, the Barotse Prime Minister, who had also been charged with treason.

The Court told the activists that they were discharged, not acquitted, and could be rearrested at a later date should the state decide to do so.

Human Trafficking

We are often tempted to look on the abolition of slavery as one of the crowning achievements of Western Christian civilization, forgetting that virtual slavery still exists today; its most obvious forms in child and bonded labour.

In this year when we celebrate the 200^th anniversary of David Livingstone’s birth, it is depressing to realise that the slave trade still exists but it is euphemistically nowadays called “trafficking”. Human trafficking is a worldwide and multi-faceted phenomenon with the shipping of refugees as part of it. We have witnessed the tragic consequences from modern slavers plying their commodity from North Africa to Southern Europe; exploited people packed in unseaworthy vessels. While these events have been given the due and necessary prominence in the media, we here have recently had our own disturbing incidents.

Firstly, last year there were two orphaned boys from rural Shangombo who were lodged for a while at Sesheke police station after being discovered at the Zambian-Namibian border about to be ‘trafficked’ to South Africa. This we heard on good authority from the District Social worker. A long running local problem here has been the sending of children, both boys and girls, from this less developed area of Zambia to the more prosperous part in Namibia called Caprivi, to work for a pittance as domestic servants and herdboys.

Another incident occurred earlier this month, when a UCZ Mission Worker was travelling back to Mwandi from Lusaka on the Mazhandu coach. His suspicions were raised by a group of around 20 silent and cowed children travelling with an adult male and other adult ‘helpers’. They were Congolese and in speaking to the accompanying adult male our worker’s suspicions were raised. He phoned Mwandi Police, the Office of the President Officer and the District Social Worker, who stopped the bus and arrested the adult suspects and took the children into care.

 A week later people from Namibia were arrested in the village offering children sweets and wanting to know where and with whom they lived trying to find out how vulnerable they were with a view to ‘buying’ them. We are fortunate that Mwandi still has such a strong sense of community that outsiders are easily recognized.

The sale of people as commodities, whether as domestic servants, as sex workers or as bonded labourers is happening in both Zambia and Scotland. In spite of laws to the contrary, people are still keeping their fellow human beings in economic and physical bondage. This will only change when the welfare and needs of people take precedence over the economy and profit.

It is good to see the Church supporting the campaign to eradicate this modern-day slavery. Link: http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/speak_out/social_issues/human_trafficking  Human beings have been created in the image of our God and are loved and seen as having equal value by our liberating God. Therefore, for a Christian, it is sinful to do nothing while fellow human beings are being sold as just another commodity on the market.

It is also good to see the Scottish Parliament taking steps towards a Scottish anti-human trafficking strategy, making human-trafficking a specific crime and providing support for victims and survivors.  Link http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/crimes/humantraffick

But as the Church of Scotland points out, to succeed this measure requires cross-party agreement and Scottish opposition to slavery has a long and distinguished history from St Patrick to Livingstone and the Scottish Abolitionists including Brougham and Rev Andrew Thomson.

Livingstone’s last words on the matter were: “All I can add in my solitude is, may Heaven’s rich blessing come down on everyone, American, English or Turk who will help to heal this open sore of the world.”

And today in Scotland’s Parliament that means, Conservative, Green, Independent, Labour, Liberal and Nationalist.

Body Building at Magumwi

Last Monday I phoned Wayne at Southern Steel in Livingstone to order the Y-12 Reinforcement Bars to reinforce the baked-brick pillars that will hold up the new Magumwi Church roof. David the Convenor had tried to text the dimensions by cell-phone but was unable to. He set out on the Sunday after the service to deliver the list and get the first installment to pay for the rafters. He had managed to find 80 out of the 150 needed. They cost K15 about GBP2 each.

 

 

We needed 27 x 12m lengths of steel that were cut into 60 x 3m lengths, 18 x 4.5m lengths and 9 x 6m lengths. To hook the three bars in each pillar together we ordered 15 lengths of R-6 Round Bars and 20kg of binding wire. This amounted to around GBP300. On Wednesday morning we were in Livingstone and Charles picked up the neatly cut pieces in the OVC truck and brought them back the 140km to Mwandi.

We contacted Unworried, a Hospital Driver and Church stalwart, along with Chis, the American volunteer, who is overseeing the construction of the new Mission Church at Mwandi. They agreed to help us transport the steel almost 2000kg of it on the old Hospital 130-Landrover to Magumwi on Sunday morning.

They arrived bright and early just before 0700h and we got the pieces loaded on the back of the pick-up style vehicle. We had to bend in half the 6m rods so they would almost fit. They still protruded out the back so I tied one of the nasty, but now taxed, Shoprite plastic shopping bags as a warning duster to the end of the rods.

We packed another 6 boxes of clothes from CART into our car and set out with Mubita and Ellie on the 50km to Magumwi. The first 15km is on tar, then we are on sand for the next 2 hours it takes to get there. We travel past mopani, thorn, ivory palm and baobab trees. In the hot dry season, the sand now is very loose in places now and it is easy to get bogged down in the drifts but by careful selection of the available alternative tracks we manage to bump, jostle and strain ourselves through without coming to a standstill.

We arrived at Magumwi, hot and dusty, at 0930h to the strains of the opening hymn. We were warmly welcomed and ushered into the vestry and from there to forms on the chancel.

 

It was a typical rural service that followed the Lozi Liturgy. Services begin with the Greeting, Prayer of Invocation and Call to Worship, then the opening Hymn. This is followed by a reminder of the Law and our asking for help to keep it, the Prayer of Confession with the Agnus Dei is next. After this comes the Promise of Forgiveness with the recitation of the shortened Creed and finally the Gloria. The next part of the service is taken up by the various organizations of the Church usually including the Women’s and Men’s Fellowship, the Church Choir and Sunday School all taking a turn to lead in singing a song of praise or worship with the congregation joining in support. These are always times of exuberance and great joy as well as reverence. There is singing, dancing clapping and ululating which can be quite disconcertingly noisy at first for those of us from more contemplative Northerly and Calvinistic climes!

After this, the Church Secretary usually welcomes visitors and reads the Intimations. Then we return to the Reading of The Word after which the Preacher is sung, danced and clapped into the pulpit. When the sermon is finished the offering is taken and dedicated. The Prayer of Intercession follows finishing with the Lord’s Prayer. The congregation then usually sing The Grace before the Benediction. The Bible Preacher and duty Elders then go to the door and shake hands with everyone in the congregation. The congregants, as they leave, shake hands with everyone in the line working their way to the end and then taking their place, to shake hands with the person exiting behind them. In this way everyone shakes hands with everyone who was at the service. A simple but effective emphasis on fellowship.  

David, the Convenor, preached on Prayer and Faith. At the end of the service we celebrated Communion. There are Lay Members trained to give Communion, otherwise rural congregations without a Minister could go for years without celebrating this Sacrament. David is one. Although shortened, it follows much the same pattern as other Reformed Orders beginning with Grace and Peace, the Scripture Sentence and Prayer. After this comes the Narrative of the Institution, the Invitation and Agnus Dei and the part consisting of the Taking of the Bread and Wine. After the Breaking of the Bread, the Elders stand in a horseshoe round the Communion Table and the Minister distributes the bread and wine also giving communicants suitable verses from Scripture. The congregation comes up two pews at time forms a horseshoe at the communion table to receive communion in the same way. After all have been served everyone offers The Peace to their neighbours. While Communion is being served the choir and congregation sing a medley of traditional Communion Hymns. After the blessing the elements are removed.

It was a blessed time, around 60 of us gathered in rural Zambia. The plate was simple. The Common Cup was an ordinary glass tumbler. A home-made wooden rack with drilled holes held the disposable plastic individual cups. Except ours are carefully washed out and used again and again.

The Communion Table was a small wooden coffee table, with a missing leg, decked with a white table cloth and the elements were covered by a white linen napkin, lovingly embroidered in red thread with a verse. The Host was broken Tennis biscuits on an enameled plate. The wine was diluted Jolly Juice, an artificial Ribena, beloved by generations of children in Zambia.

After unloading the steel and drinking a bottle of Cola in the Vestry, we set off back for Mwandi. This time we carried two patients as well, who had been referred to the hospital at Mwandi by Community Health Workers, who are members at Magumwi.

That's the way the money goes...

Last week saw the 2013 Zambian Budget presented to the National Assembly by the Finance Minister, Alexander Chikwanda.

 

Main Highlights:

GDP Growth Rate

2012: 7.1%

2013: 6.0% The Chinese economic slow-down and the fall in price of copper together with borrowing and fiscal deficit are said to be responsible for the failure to meet this year’s target,

2014: 7.0% (Proposed)

 

Jobs
200 000 ‘decent’ jobs.  That means permanent and reasonably paid employment. This year 60 000 jobs were created, some permanent but unfortunately many were just temporary ones in construction.

 

Inflation
It is running at 7% per year and the target is to bring it to 6.5% in 2014

 

Borrowing
$2bn to be borrowed. $1bn to be used to service existing debt.

 

Domestic Tax Raising
This will amount to 20% of GDP. 55% of this will go on public sector wages. A 2 year wage and recruiting freeze in public sector is envisaged. Borrowing is set at 2.5% of GDP and the deficit is expected to be no more than 6.6%.

The Government will raise the tax on cellphone airtime to 15% and tax financial transactions into, within and out of Zambia at 0.2% of their value. One of the latest improvements and innovations in Zambia has been the ability to transfer money at reasonable rates to other areas of the country using your cellphone, instead of relying on town-based banks and Western Union-type Companies.

Plastic carrier bags will now also carry duty. Carelessly discarded supermarket plastic bags are a blight on the landscape and a danger to cattle and livestock. Beer will carry 60% duty and winnings from forms of gambling will be taxed at 20%

The duty on crude oil has been removed. It will be interesting to see what effect this has at the pump. The fuel supply chain in Zambia is a powerful vested interest.

10% duty has been put on base and semi-processed metals to try and stimulate home industries to add value before export or release on the home market. The zinc roofing sheets we bought for Magumwi now cost us K5 more per sheet.

Some follow up to last year’s revelations of the tax avoidance or tax reduction schemes carried out by some multi-national companies is evident in a 15% withholding tax being laid on profits distributed by branches of foreign firms.

 

Total Expenditure

K42bn - US$8bn

K30bn is to be raised domestically

K2bn will come through partners

K10bn is to be found through foreign and domestic borrowing

 

Areas of Expenditure
56% will go on infrastructure; some of this to new district and provincial centres.

17.5% will go to education towards the building of 53 Secondary Schools, 150 Primary School Classroom blocks and 3 Teacher Training Colleges

11.3% will be spent on Health including 650 Health Posts

7% is allocated to Agriculture mostly for diversification purposes. Silos, diptanks and irrigation were other areas mentioned.

 

PAYE Threshold

This has been raised from K2200 to K3000(US$600). The rates of Income Tax remain the same at 25%, 30% and 35% respectively.

 

Monthly Income 2013	Rate	Monthly Income 2014	Rate
0-K2 200.00	0%	0-K3000.00	0%
K2200.01-K3000.00	25%	K3000.01-K3800.00	25%
K3000.01-K5900.00	30%	K3800.01-K5900.00	30%
> K5900.00	35%	>K5900.00	35%