THE UNEQUAL STRUGGLE TO LIVE

The Zambia 2010 Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report is now published and available. It makes interesting reading, though it runs to 304 pages. However, an electronic version can be easily downloaded through the Zambian Economist site:
http:/www.zambian-economist.com

The 2010 ZLCMS followed on from the 2006 ZLCMS, both looked at community needs and the impact of programmes designed to promote social, economic and community development in the community. They collected data on the sort of social and economic development people would like to see in their community.

There were 14 categories and participants could choose 4. They also enquired about any recent changes in the last year and the extent to which they were an improvement. Having the two reports meant that comparisons and changes over time could be examined too. The table below contains the 2010 % figures listing people's choice of projects.

DEVELOPMENT	Rural	Urban	Zambia
Health	47.0	27.1	39.9
Food and other Consumer Goods	42.0	34.4	39.3
Water Supply	41.8	24.0	35.4
Education	34.1	24.5	30.7
Agricultural	33.5	7.3	24.1
Roads	22.6	24.3	23.2
Employment	5.2	18.9	10.1
Police/Security	9.2	8.3	8.9
Sanitation	4.2	17.3	8.9
Hammer mills	12.4	2.3	8.8
Credit	6.6	8.5	7.3
Housing	3.6	6.5	4.6
Transport	4.3	2.5	3.6
Not stated	2.7	9.8	5.3

 

Number of households: 16 000 000 (Rural) 891 000 (Urban) 2 491 000 (All Zambia) 176 000 (Western Province)

We see 40% of all Zambian households overall wanted health services provided in their community; this was the first choice in rural areas, but not in urban areas where people most wanted food and other consumer goods. Unsurprisingly, the number of households listing water supply, education, agricultural and hammer mills is higher in rural than urban areas, while households wanting employment and sanitation is higher in urban than rural areas. This was also the case in 2006.

Over time there have been interesting drops in percentages such as urban households wanting employment (33% in 2006 compared to 19% in 2010). This suggests that the urban economy is creating jobs. This is to be expected if the reported annual growth rate of 6-7% is to be believed. Health services, food and consumer goods and water supply came in first second and third for both years, however, the number of households preferring these fell from 48% in 2006 to 39% in 2010. The proportion stating that they would like a water supply fell from 43% in 2006 to 35% in 2010, with the rural and urban proportions falling by similar levels.

 

The desire for better roads increased from 17% in 2006 to 24% in 2010.

In 2010, around 50% of households overall indicated that they would like to see roads improved in their communities; though this proportion has dropped from 59% in 2006, although it was the top project to be improved in 2006.

Almost 30% of households in 2010 indicated that they would like health and education facilities to be improved in their communities; in rural areas, 37% wanted an improvement in education facilities and 31% with health facilities, whilst n urban households the desire for health facilities was substantially higher than education facilities, 27% and 16% respectively. Urban households also generally preferred improved sanitation and police/security, whilst rural people opted for agriculture and hammer-mills. There were similar trends in 2006.

Both the 2010 and 2006 LCMS considered a period of 12 months prior to the survey when asking whether projects or changes had taken place in the community. In both 2010 and 2006, most households said the greatest changes were in the field of communication with the coming of cellphone networks. More urban than rural households were affected and over all the percentage dropped from 49-36%. This was also the trend for improved radio and TV reception.

Transport services were ranked 6th in both years, with twice as many urban than rural respondents listing this.

Police services ranked 9th in both years, again urban households listed this project roughly three times more frequently than the rural population.

School rehabilitation moved from 26% in 2006 to 15% of households in 2010; in 2006, the rural proportion was 30% with the difference between the two areas narrowing. The only projects for which importance scores increased notably over time were ‘building of new school’ and ‘rehabilitation of an existing school’.

To summarise, the most important and greatest impact projects were cell phone, radio reception, health services, transport, hammermill and new schools. Other areas where there were falls in importance and noted improvements were found in sanitation, piped water and vet services

We have from time to time kept an eye on the food basket so it is good from this report to have a chance to monitor it over time.

 

FOOD BASKET FOR A FAMILY OF SIX 2004-2010 in Unrebased Kwacha

ITEMS	Quantity	UP 2004	Cost2004	UP 2006	Cost2006	UP2010	Cost2010
Cooking Oil	2.5l	19 628	19 628	17 653	17 653	28 698	28 698
Beans	2 kg	4760	9520	6041	12082	8746	17492
Dry Fish	1 kg	21856	21856	22317	22317	30522	30522
Kapenta	2kg	30062	60124	30336	60672	49225	98450
Milk	2l	2005	8020	2186	8744	3298	13192
Onion	4kg	3040	12160	3864	15456	4765	19060
Groundnuts	3kg	5425	16275	5743	17229	7705	23115
Salt	1kg	1880	1880	2424	2424	4516	4516
Tomatoes	4kg	1846	7384	2253	9012	3073	12292
Roller Meal	25kg x 3.6	25220	90792	26288	94637	47736	171850
Vegetables	7.5kg	1437	10777	2070	15525	2185	16388

 

Total Cost: K258 416 (2004)                        K275 751 (2006)                   K435 574 (2010)

Poverty Line: K57 172 (2004)          K61007 (2006)                      K96 356 (2008)

(Adult Equivalent)

 

The report dealt with a number of different areas using statistics gathered from 2010 census. It covered a wide range of topics, including demographics, migration, health education, economic activities, household assets, income and expenditure, poverty analysis and coping strategies, housing, child health and nutrition and ending with community development.

It was also useful to be able to take a few snap-shots of Western Province from the tables and see where we stand in the league table in comparison with the rest of Zambia.

 

2010

Toilets: No facilities (% of Households)

Western Province                              Zambia

53.4%                                                  12.6%

 

Fuel Use:

Firewood                     87                                    57                   

Charcoal                      7.0                                   27

Electricity                    2.5                                   16

 

Light Energy:

Paraffin                       30                                      42

Electricity                    3.5                                    19

Candles                       22                                      22

Diesel                          4.6                                     8.0

Fire                              31                                     7.5

Torch                           0.6                                    0.2

Solar                            0.8                                    1.0

Other                           1.5                                    1.5

None                           5.0                                    1.0

 

Electric Connection:

Yes                              4.0                                     22

No                               94                                      77

 

Access to treated drinking water:

Yes                              6.0                                    32

No                               94                                      68

 

Living in traditional daub, wattle, mud and thatched hut:

75                                                                                              38

 

Living in an improved dwelling - (zinc roofed ‘flat’):

15                                                                                              23    

 

Meals per day:

One:                            5.0                                        4.0

Two:                            62                                         46

Three:                          33                                         47       

 

% of Household Expenditure on Food and Non-food items:

Food items                  58                                           42

Non food items           42                                           58

 

Monthly Household Expenditure:

Total                            K482                                         K970

Food                            K278                                         K470

Non-Food                   K202                                          K486

Per Capita                   K121                                          K226   `

 

In reading this report and seeing all these figures you realize that these are millions of individual people's life stories. This awful poverty is not God's fault for he has provided us with all the earth's resources, nor is it the fault of the poor since most are born in to it.  Nor can it just be put down to greed, indifference, incompetence, corruption or a legacy from colonialism, though all have had a share in creating it. This is not just an economic and political matter it is a moral one. How long are these  gross inequalities going to be allowed to continue? These statistics bring to light widespread social injustice that ignores hunger and stunted children, the alienation of the poor and the indignity of impoverished lives.

 

In 2 Corinthians 8 Paul gives some practical advice on the matter:

Our desire is not that others might be relieved while you are hard-pressed but that there might be equality. At the present time your plenty will supply what they need so that in turn their plenty will supply what you need. Then there will be equality, as it is written: 'They who gathered much did not have too much, and they who gathered little did not have too little.'

SEFULA 2013 – MCF (WP) Annual Conference

Those of us from the area going to the Men’s Christian Fellowship held this year at Sefula met in Sesheke on Thursday morning last week at the UCZ Church. We departed from there after sharing a late breakfast of Coke and Tennis biscuits at a church member’s shop beside the market, whilst the vehicles were fuelled and we waited for the bus and the Minister from Livingstone. Sefula is about 300km away and our convoy of 3 cars rolled onto the M10 just after 11am. The first car contained the 3 Reverends from Livingstone, Mwandi and Sesheke. We were 6 MCF from Mwandi consistory, 2 from Lipumpu and 7 from Sesheke divided into 2 people carriers.

Participants at the MCF Conference



The first hold-up was at the police road-block at Katima Mulilo where we were directed to park inside the fence at the police post as our vehicles were suspected of being pirate taxis. However, our trip had been cleared as an official Church event by the Traffic Police in Sesheke, so after a phone call and explanation we were brusquely released.

The road from Sesheke to Sioma is now completely tarred. We took a break at Silumbu under a muhuluhulu tree (strychnos coculoides) while friends and relatives living nearby were greeted and visited. Shortly after this our Ministers’ car suffered the first puncture of the day which was quickly fixed at the side of the road. At Sioma we tried to see if the new pontoon at Muziba was working. However, it transpired that one of its engines was broken and a duff replacement had been sent from Lusaka, so the pontoon was still tied up to the bank just gathering dust. It would have saved us so much time crossing here, had the pontoon been working, as there is a good new tarred road on the East bank all the way to Senanga!

 

At Sioma the tar runs out but there is a good graded gravel road now all the way through Nangweshi and Sitoti to Kalongola. The sharp ‘chuckies’ embedded in the gravel road play havoc with ordinary tyres, so after a few hundred metres on the gravel we turned right and took the old sandy low-road that runs parallel to the Zambezi  through Nangweshi and Kaanja coming out at Sitoti to cross the Matabele Plain. This was a very pleasant route through small rural settlements and riverine trees. From there it is an easy drive to the Kalongola pontoon.

 

The name Libala la Matebele (The Plain of the Matabele) commemorates a victory over the Matabele who were ambushed here sometime in the 1840s. A group of Matabele under Nxaba, known in Lozi as Ngabe or Sikwanda, crossed the Zambezi near Senanga looking for the Makololo army under Sibitwane who were pursuing Mulambwa’s sons Imbua and Litia to Nyengo. The Matabele were betrayed by their local guides and fell into a trap. Nxabe hid for a time afterwards in the Kalamba Forest then surrendered. It was considered sacrilege if royal blood were spilled so he was drowned by his captors.   

 

At Kalongola, we were second in a queue of 6 vehicles and to carry all 6 it was necessary to double park on the pontoon. This meant our left front wheel was off the edge usual metal decking on the lower part where passengers normally stand. It had to bump up to get off at the other side of the river. This was enough to puncture our tyre. We managed to push the vehicle up the sandy bank to the top where the wheel was changed.  Restored by fried fish, groundnuts and boiled cassava, the party headed across the plain to Senanga. This is only a distance of 15km but takes over an hour because of the atrocious state of the road.

 

Because of broken and washed away culverts there are three major deviations where you leave the raised embankment and do a loop through sand on the plain. There are several areas where the dry sand is so liquid that without a 4x4 you get stuck and have to push. Here we had a stone jammed inside our wheel hub close to the break calipers. This meant another session with the jack and wheel spanners to remove it.

 

It was dark when we all reached Senanga market for further refreshments. We purred along the still good road towards Mongu for another hour or so, passing through Itufa Muoyo, Namushakende, the Nalikwanda turn-off and finally reaching Sefula safely, where we were issued with our mattresses and were given supper –buhobe and roasted beef.

 

The three day Conference on the first day dealt with three topics, the Prosperity Gospel which actually is no Gospel for it lacks God. Next came the Poverty Mentality and Debt lecture. It was suggested that an opportunity for change is available here as some of this can be self-inflicted and self-fulfilling from unwise lifestyle choices. The last theme of the day was seeking the Church transformed through prudent stewardship. This was a call to look after and use wisely all that God provides for us.

 

On Saturday we started with Man in God’s Picture of Creation, followed by your Gift was meant to produce service. Our gifts are meant for the glory of God and to serve others in love, using our whole heart and soul. The last lecture was on Giving. Giving is a command, a form of worship and an appreciation of God’s love for us. At a meeting in the evening we agreed to give the money we had collected to refurbish the girl’s ablution blocks at the dormitories. This is where we had been sleeping and we could see they were in need of repair. We also took time out to visit Rev Lubasi’s grave and held a short time of remembrance and thanksgiving. Three ZAF jets flew overhead as we were doing this.

 

At the service the next day the Western Presbytery Bishop Rev Sipalo dedicated 12 new members including the 3 Ministers (Revs. Manyando, Sivile and Manda). After a quick lunch we left Sefula at 2pm. A short break ensued in Senanga until we had the new tire put on at Senanga.  All was quiet following the recent arrests and detention of 45 people from Mongu, Senanga and Kalabo the previous day, in connection with allegations concerning the propagation of secession.

 

To avoid the broken culverts this time we took the road behind the prison through the compound and across the plain to join the road to the pontoon closer to the river. The return journey was fairly uneventful, barring a further puncture at Lusu. We got in to Sesheke just after 8pm and reached home to Mwandi at around 2230h.

All Under One Roof

The 11th August was Men’s Christian Fellowship (MCF) Sunday and Mwandi Consistory like Ancient Gaul was divided into 3 geographical areas. We were assigned the Northern part comprising in ascending order from the tar road the congregations of Sankalonga, Kamusa, Adonsi and Magumwi which is 85km from Mwandi. The service would be held at 10am at Adonsi Church.

Adonsi Church

We set off at around 7am in long shadows and the rising sun, with Mr Libonda from Sooka, the Consistory Chief Steward, who was preaching, and our boot packed with 12 cartons of men, women and children’s clothing from the CART container. These would be distributed to the congregations after the service. We headed downstream parallel to the river but through the bush to Sikuzu to pick up Mr Mutakela, the MCF Convenor who was leading worship and Mr Chikeba, the MCF Consistory Choirmaster.

 

Inside Adonsi Church

We travelled along the still densely afforested loose sand track to the dip tank and along the potholed tar road to the Namango turn-off where we were once again on sand. We cut across the khaki carbonated plain, dry, sooty and dusty towards Kamusa- through mopani, palm and Ngongo trees, past termite mounds and dried up water pans. Most surface water has entirely evaporated, though some villages continue with a valiant effort to grow tomatoes and kale, irrigated by hand with buckets of water drawn from shallow wells.

 

We passed herds of meandering fallow and dapple-coated long horn cows with their still suckling calves. The lack of pasture is now a problem and the cattle are beginning to appear on the island at Mwandi as the river has fallen they can now swim the river and reach the still green grass on these small flood plains. Our path was also crossed by a number of families of bounding squirrels. The best sight was when we inadvertently flushed out a quartet of flapping and disapproving ground hornbills.

 

An hour after the turn off jolting along the dry puddle-pock marked sand track and straining through small dunes of drifting sand we arrived at Kamusa to a warm welcome and a breakfast of samp and pounded groundnuts. Samp is a local porridge made from broken and chipped maize seeds. The four congregations began to gather and the service started at 10am. The sermon was a call to prudent stewardship. After the close of the service we were able to distribute 3 cartons of men, women and children’s clothes to each congregation and four communion platters.

We then looked at the site for the new Church that Dornoch will help to roof. It was agreed that 60 sheets would be supplied with nails ridging and rafters. After a lunch of buhobe, kale and catfish washed down with fresh milk, we set off for Adonsi and Magumwi. It was quite a squash until we deposited members at the school. We carried on to Magumwi where we met the Congregational Board and eldership. Again we agreed to help with the roofing. The congregation numbers over 300 and they have made 5000 clay bricks. It is exciting as this will be the first rural church to be built of  bricks.

 

 

Current Magumwi Church
 

 

We set off from Magumwi at 4pm and were home just as the sun was setting with a gift of a sack of maize and a bucket of groundnuts to share out.

ARV Shortage

August 2013

 

At the moment there is a shortage of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) throughout Zambia.

Many health facilities, Mwandi Mission Hospital included, have very low levels of stock or have completely run out of Truvada and Abacavir. We were only given 21 bottles of Neviripine syrup for children in the last dispatch from Medical Stores and we have only a few tablets of the same drug left. We have tried to procure a consignment through CHAZ (Churches Health Association of Zambia) but they too have run out. There may still be some stocks available at Mongu, the Western capital, 400km away. Our vehicle is tanked up, waiting for the word to go.

 

A Ministry of Health spokesman reported in the ‘Times of Zambia’ on 27 July, that the country was expecting 91,500 bottles of Truvada in three weeks’ time (mid-August) and another 400,000 bottles in September this year, with the last consignment of 300,000 bottles of the same drug in October. The Ministry of Health says there is no cause for alarm as there is enough Truvada in-country to last until the next batch is received.  Other ARVs are reported available as well. In the meantime the Government had ordered another 600 000 bottles of Truvada which should arrive in September as well.

 

In typical “Govspeak” the reason for the shortage was put down to “some logistical challenges in the procurement process.” Another contributing factor was a world shortage of Tenofovir a vital ingredient in the manufacture of Truvada. In what is seen as a possible threat to increase resistance some patients on Truvada and Neviripine are being given Atripla instead. Neviripine is used as second-line treatment according to Zambian protocol. Depending on availability patients are being issued with 2 weeks supply at Mwandi instead of the usual 3 months’ supply.

 

Allafrica news recently reported that Zambia is now meeting its Abuja 2001 Declaration responsibility to spend at least 15% of the budget on healthcare, part of this to help meet the cost of keeping around 500 000 people on ARVs. This works out at almost 4% of the total population. Around $80 million of $120 million the ARV programme costs comes from donors. Last year the Government contributed $10 million and this is to be raised this year to $35 million, hoping to match a dollar for dollar contribution leading to greater Zambian ownership in footing the bills and implementation of programme. With so many calls on it and with limited resources it is not easy for the Government to achieve greater sustainability in the programme.

 

Meanwhile at Mwandi to serve 1800 people needing ARVs, a neighbouring mission over 4 hours away has some extra stock at the moment and has promised to share some with us. The Province as well may have some it can give us in the meantime. The AIDS Relief vehicle was sent yesterday to collect what was available. We await its return.